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This is now a key step in the roller milling production of white endosperm flour. In contrast, whole grain milling systems that process the entire wheat kernel in one pass keep the grain as dry as possible. In 2017, these "single stream" systems actually produced a modest amount of the whole grain flour that was commercially milled.
Because wheat was the most expensive grain to grow, and the process to sift it labor-intensive, white flour was generally limited to special occasions and the wealthy, until the mid-19th century. Then industrial processes eliminated the labor cost, allowing prices to fall until it was accessible to the middle class.
To produce refined (white) wheat flour, [4] grain is usually tempered, i.e. moisture added to the grain, before milling, to optimize milling efficiency. This softens the starchy "endosperm" portion of the wheat kernel, which will be separated out in the milling process to produce what is known to consumers as white flour. The addition of ...
Hayden Flour Mills has been cultivating a 6,000-year-old wheat called White Sonoran that took 17 years to grow out from a handful of seeds. It is the oldest strain of wheat in North America.
Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
White bread is made using flour that has had the germ and bran removed. [13] Wheat germ can be added to protein shakes, casseroles, muffins, pancakes, cereals, yogurt, smoothies, cookies, and other goods. [14] Wheat germ can become rancid if not properly stored in a refrigerator or freezer [15] and away from sunlight. [16]
In fact, whole grain flour has up to five times more antioxidant and mineral levels than white flour. Whole wheat is a good source of fiber , a nutrient that up to 95% of people do not get enough of.
A refined grain is defined as having undergone a process that removes the bran, germ and husk of the grain and leaves the endosperm, or starchy interior. [1] Examples of refined grains include white bread, white flour, corn grits and white rice. [2] Refined grains are milled which gives a finer texture and improved shelf life. [3]