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These include standard IP addresses and TCP and UDP port numbers. sys/un.h: PF_UNIX and PF_LOCAL address family. Used for local communication between programs running on the same computer. arpa/inet.h: Functions for manipulating numeric IP addresses. netdb.h: Functions for translating protocol names and host names into numeric addresses.
In terms of throughput, standard ARQ typically expends a few percent of channel capacity for reliable protection against error, while FEC ordinarily expends half or more of all channel capacity for channel improvement.
One example is the Linux kernel's EDAC subsystem (previously known as Bluesmoke), which collects the data from error-checking-enabled components inside a computer system; besides collecting and reporting back the events related to ECC memory, it also supports other checksumming errors, including those detected on the PCI bus.
Ossification is a major issue in Internet protocol design and deployment, as it can prevent new protocols or extensions from being deployed on the Internet, or place strictures on the design of new protocols; new protocols may have to be encapsulated in an already-deployed protocol or mimic the wire image of another protocol. [108]
Standard output is a stream to which a program writes its output data. The program requests data transfer with the write operation. Not all programs generate output.
D-Bus (short for "Desktop Bus" [4]) is a message-oriented middleware mechanism that allows communication between multiple processes running concurrently on the same machine. [5] [6] D-Bus was developed as part of the freedesktop.org project, initiated by GNOME developer Havoc Pennington to standardize services provided by Linux desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE.
Suite of protocols for copying files between Unix machines, used for many purposes including the distribution of email. Also allows commands to be sent, which led to the first internet worms. The file transfer protocol within UUCP is the "g" protocol. [101] MODEM7: Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills: 1980
File descriptors for a single process, file table and inode table. Note that multiple file descriptors can refer to the same file table entry (e.g., as a result of the dup system call [3]: 104 ) and that multiple file table entries can in turn refer to the same inode (if it has been opened multiple times; the table is still simplified because it represents inodes by file names, even though an ...