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In a famous study of women's achievement in college science by Miyake et al., values affirmation was successful in reducing the differences between male and female academic achievement in college-level introductory physics classes, and it has been particularly effective at combating the psychological phenomenon known as stereotype threat.
Younger students who spend more time on homework generally have slightly worse, or the same academic performance, as those who spend less time on homework. [6] Homework has not been shown to improve academic achievements for grade school students. Proponents claim that assigning homework to young children helps them learn good study habits.
A study by Stanat et al concluded that immigrant children were not discriminated against. The reason why so few immigrant children attend the Gymnasium were poor reading skills. After adjusting for reading competency, children from immigrant families were as likely as children from native German families to attend the Gymnasium. [18]
Students score lower on standardised maths tests at the end of the summer, as compared to their own performance on the same tests at the beginning of summer. [11] This loss was most acute in factual and procedural learning such as mathematical computation, where an average setback of more than two months of grade-level equivalency was observed among both middle- and lower-class students.
Childhood. A journal of global child research, is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in the field of childhood studies.It was established in 1993 and is published by SAGE Publishing in association with the Department of Education and Lifelong Learning (Norwegian University of Science and Technology).
In cognitive psychology, cognitive load is the effort being used in the working memory.According to work conducted in the field of instructional design and pedagogy, broadly, there are three types of cognitive load: intrinsic cognitive load is the effort associated with a specific topic; extraneous cognitive load refers to the way information or tasks are presented to a learner; and germane ...
The overload hypothesis works according to the distraction-conflict hypothesis, saying that distracters do not lead to increased arousal, but rather to cognitive overload (when an individual is bombarded with excessive information in their working memory), [18] and while in cognitive overload, individuals will do worse on complex tasks and ...
In the United States, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reports that academic redshirting occurs at the rate of about 9% per year among kindergarten-age children, according to surveys from 1993 and 1995. [4] Although modern data suggests this may be inflated, as studies have found only around 4-6% of children are redshirted. [5]