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The macrostructures considered here may be composed of "structural elements" which material presents a "microstructure". Whether searching to limit the stress or the deformation, macrostructure, structural element and microstructure have each, a weight Vρ, when ρ is the volumic weight of materials, in N/m 3, function of the solicitations {F 0} (for "force" in général) applied to them, of ...
Launched in the 1940s by the Shirley Institute, the Shirley Togmeter is the standard apparatus for rating thermal resistance of textiles, commonly known as the Tog Test. This apparatus, described in BS 4745:2005 [ 8 ] measures a sample of textile, either between two metal plates (for underclothing) or between a metal plate and free air (for ...
Knot density is a traditional measure for quality of handmade or knotted pile carpets.It refers to the number of knots, or knot count, per unit of surface area - typically either per square inch (kpsi) or per square centimeter (kpsc), but also per decimeter or meter (kpsd or kpsm).
A cushion filled with stuffing. In geometry, the paper bag problem or teabag problem is to calculate the maximum possible inflated volume of an initially flat sealed rectangular bag which has the same shape as a cushion or pillow, made out of two pieces of material which can bend but not stretch.
If HV is first expressed in N/mm 2 (MPa), or otherwise by converting from kgf/mm 2, then the tensile strength (in MPa) of the material can be approximated as σ u ≈ HV/ c, where c is a constant determined by yield strength, Poisson's ratio, work-hardening exponent and geometrical factors – usually ranging between 2 and 4. [9]
The latter reaches a mean distance proportional to √ n after n steps, but the random walk on the discrete Sierpiński carpet reaches only a mean distance proportional to β √ n for some β > 2. They also showed that this random walk satisfies stronger large deviation inequalities (so called "sub-Gaussian inequalities") and that it satisfies ...
Batching and mixing is done under controlled conditions. In the UK, ready-mixed concrete is specified either informally, by constituent weight or volume (1-2-4 or 1-3-6 being common mixes) or using the formal specification standards of the European standard EN 206+ A1, which is supplemented in the UK by BS 8500. This allows the customer to ...
(The diameter was chosen to produce a circle with an area of 100 square millimeters, or one square centimeter.) [2] A common use of Janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as flooring. For hardwood flooring, the test usually requires an 80 mm × 150 mm (3 in × 6 in) sample with a thickness of at least 6–8 ...