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Female scale insects in more advanced families develop from the egg through a first instar (crawler) stage and a second instar stage before becoming adult. In more primitive families there is an additional instar stage.
As with other scale insects, only the first instar, the crawler stage, is mobile and can move to other parts of the host plant or spread by wind. The crawlers settle after a few days and start feeding on the leaves with their piercing and sucking mouthparts. The scale feeds mainly on parenchymal cells or vascular bundle tissue.
The life cycle of Fiorinia females involves the egg stage, the crawler stage, the second-instar stage and the adult. Males have two additional instars. Like in other scale insects, only the crawler stage is mobile, moving to other parts of the host plant or migrating longer distances through wind dispersal or on birds.
Ceroplastes rubens, known generally as the red wax scale or pink wax scale, ... of this species are brick red. These hatch into crawlers, the first nymphal instar ...
The crawler moults twice before becoming an adult female, forming a protective scale from larval exuviae and secretions. Some crawlers may develop into males. Some crawlers may develop into males. These undergo four moults and the adult males have eyes, three pairs of legs, one pair of wings, a head and a body divided into a thorax and abdomen.
A food safety expert weighs in on flour bugs, also known as weevils, that can infest your pantry after one TikToker found her flour infested with the crawlers.