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The decreasing concentration of copper in ores now requires pre-treatment of ores. The average grade of copper ores in the 21st century is below 0.6% copper, with a proportion of economic ore minerals being less than 2% of the total volume of the ore rock. Thus, all mining operations, the ore must usually be beneficiated (concentrated).
Following is a list of minerals that serve as copper ores in the copper mining process: [1] Image Name Formula % Copper when pure Chalcopyrite: CuFeS 2: 34.5 Chalcocite:
From the start, the Bingham Canyon Mine was one of the leading copper-producing mines in the world, and returned a good profit mining ore with less than two percent copper. [6] Mining by open-pit model using large-scale mechanization was copied by other US mines, in Ely, Nevada (1908), Santa Rita, New Mexico (1910), and Ajo, Arizona (1917).
Porphyry copper deposits represent an important resource and the dominant source of copper that is mined today to satisfy global demand. [6] Via compilation of geological data, it has been found that the majority of porphyry deposits are Phanerozoic in age and were emplaced at depths of approximately 1 to 6 kilometres with vertical thicknesses on average of 2 kilometres. [6]
Austria Duvaz Morococha copper mine [3] Cerro Corona mine; Cerro Verde Copper-Molybdenum Mine [4] Cobriza mine; Constancia mine [5] La Granja mine; Las Bambas copper mine; Quellaveco mine [6] Tia Maria mine [7] Tintaya mine; Toquepala mine [8] Toromocho mine [9]
The first stamp mill in the U.S. was built in 1829 at the Capps mine near Charlotte, North Carolina. [13] They were common in gold, silver, and copper mining regions of the US in the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, in operations where the ore was crushed as a prelude to extracting the metals. They were superseded in the second half of the ...
Malachite and cuprite in a high-grade copper ore specimen from the Robinson Mining District. Magma Copper bought Robinson in 1991 and began work on reopening the mine in 1994. In 1996, BHP acquired Magma, and operated Robinson from 1996 to 1999. Magma/BHP invested around $480 million in the mine and plant. The mine was closed in 1999 due to low ...
The underground mine reaches a deeper copper sulphide ore. [2] The Nifty copper resource was discovered in 1981 by Western Mining Corporation and mining commenced in 1993. Nifty was purchased by Straits Resources in 1998, Aditya Birla Minerals in March 2003 then by Metals X in August 2016. [2] Underground mine development commenced in January ...