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Gravitational energy from visible matter accounts for 26–37% of the observed total mass–energy density. [15] Therefore, to fit the concept of a "zero-energy universe" to the observed universe, other negative energy reservoirs besides gravity from baryonic matter are necessary. These reservoirs are frequently assumed to be dark matter. [16]
The notion of a zero-point energy is also important for cosmology, and physics currently lacks a full theoretical model for understanding zero-point energy in this context; in particular, the discrepancy between theorized and observed vacuum energy in the universe is a source of major contention. [4]
In the sci-fi television/film franchise Stargate, a Zero Point Module (ZPM) is a power source that extracts zero-point energy from a micro parallel universe. [ 12 ] The book Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Technical Manual describes the operating principle of the so-called quantum torpedo .
Electroweak unification is a broken symmetry: the electromagnetic and weak forces appear distinct at low energies because the particles carrying the weak force, the W and Z bosons, have non-zero masses (80.4 GeV/c 2 and 91.2 GeV/c 2, respectively), whereas the photon, which carries the electromagnetic force, is massless.
In the zero-energy universe model ("flat" or "Euclidean"), the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly cancelled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity. [2] It is unclear which, if any, of these models accurately describes the real universe.
In 1973, he proposed that the universe is a large-scale quantum fluctuation in vacuum energy. This is called vacuum genesis or the zero-energy universe hypothesis. He has been quoted as saying, "the universe is simply one of those things that happens from time to time." [14] In 1967, he began working at Columbia University as a research assistant.
A zero energy building (ZEB), a building's use with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions; Zero-Net-Energy USA Federal Buildings President Obama has ordered that 15% of U.S. Federal buildings be zero-net-energy by 2015 and 100% of all new buildings by 2030; Zero-energy universe, a concept that states that the total amount of ...
The fraction of the total energy density of our (flat or almost flat) universe that is dark energy, , is estimated to be 0.669 ± 0.038 based on the 2018 Dark Energy Survey results using Type Ia supernovae [7] or 0.6847 ± 0.0073 based on the 2018 release of Planck satellite data, or more than 68.3% (2018 estimate) of the mass–energy density ...