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Vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) aircraft that are able to take off or land vertically or on short runways. Vertical takeoff and landing includes craft that do not require runways at all. Generally, a V/STOL aircraft needs to be able to hover; helicopters are not typically considered under the V/STOL classification.
Vertical takeoff refers to aircraft or rockets that take off in a vertical trajectory. Vertical takeoff eliminates the need for airfields. Most vertical take off aircraft are also able to land horizontally, but there were certain rocket-powered aircraft of the Luftwaffe that only took off vertically
Landing of Hawker Sea Fury FB 10. Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal, aircraft, or spacecraft returns to the ground. When the flying object returns to water, the process is called alighting, although it is commonly called "landing", "touchdown" a or "splashdown" as well.
An aircraft taking off at a higher altitude must do so at reduced weight due to decreased density of air at higher altitudes, which reduces engine power and wing lift. An aircraft must also take off at a reduced weight in hotter or more humid conditions (see density altitude). Most commercial aircraft carry manufacturer's tables showing the ...
If the pilot brings the aircraft to a full stop before taking off again, it is known as a "stop-and-go". If the aircraft's wheels do not touch the ground, it is known as a "low pass". Both a touch-and-go landing and a low pass are types of go-around. An unplanned touch-and-go landing is also called a "rejected landing" or "balked landing".
Pilots prefer to take off and land facing into the wind. This has the effect of reducing the aircraft's speed over the ground (for a given airspeed), thus reducing the length of runway required to perform either maneuver. An exception to this rule is at airports where the runway is on a severe slope, such as alpine airports .
A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can take off and land vertically without relying on a runway.This classification can include a variety of types of aircraft including helicopters as well as thrust-vectoring fixed-wing aircraft and other hybrid aircraft with powered rotors such as cyclogyros/cyclocopters and gyrodynes.
A certification test is required to show that a new aircraft design will still take off safely with the tail dragging on the runway. Using a higher V R will increase tail clearance and reduce the probability of tailstrike. Over-rotation can also result in loss of lift, causing a stall.