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The first HDD [11] had an average seek time of about 600 ms. [12] and by the middle 1970s, HDDs were available with seek times of about 25 ms. [13]Some early PC drives used a stepper motor to move the heads, and as a result had seek times as slow as 80–120 ms, but this was quickly improved by voice coil type actuation in the 1980s, reducing seek times to around 20 ms.
Zone recording was pioneered and patented by Chuck Peddle in 1961 while working for General Electric. [1] With a CAV-drive the data on the outer tracks are the same angular width of those in the centre, and so less densely packed. Using ZBR instead, the inner zoning is used to set the read/write rate, which is the same for other tracks.
Early hard disk drives wrote data at some constant bits per second, resulting in all tracks having the same amount of data per track, but modern drives (since the 1990s) use zone bit recording, increasing the write speed from inner to outer zone and thereby storing more data per track in the outer zones.
The recording speed on such drives was rated in multiples of 150 KiB/s; a 4X drive, for instance, would write steadily at around 600 KiB/s. The transfer rate was kept constant by having the spindle motor in the drive vary in speed and run 2.4 times [ 1 ] as fast when recording at the inner rim of the disc as on the outer rim.
Amount of surge current used to spin up the drive. [82] 208 0xD0: Spin Buzz: Count of buzz routines needed to spin up the drive due to insufficient power. [82] 209 0xD1: Offline Seek Performance: Drive's seek performance during its internal tests. [82] 210 0xD2: Vibration During Write: Found in Maxtor 6B200M0 200GB and 2R015H1 15GB disks. 211 ...
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Seagate started shipping device-managed SMR hard drives in September 2013, stating an increase in overall capacity of about 25% compared to non-shingled storage. [1] [11] In September 2014, HGST announced a 10 TB drive filled with helium that uses host-managed shingled magnetic recording, [12] although in December 2015 it followed this with a 10 TB helium-filled drive that uses conventional ...