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The title of matron was first used in the 16th century in the United Kingdom (UK) for the housekeeper role in voluntary hospitals. [9] The radical reforms of nursing promoted by Florence Nightingale argued not just that nurses should be trained but that the hospital nursing staff and their training should come under the control of one senior nurse – the matron.
Some of the nurses who had management training as a result of the Salmon Report took on management roles in the NHS from the 1970s. [7] As a result of Salmon, matrons and senior nurses had to reapply for their jobs and not all were successful in their applications. [7] The report led to the loss of the job title "matron" from NHS hospitals. [9]
The ranks that were created for the new nursing services were Matron-in-Chief, Principal Matron, Sister and Staff Nurses. Women joined steadily throughout the War. At the end of 1914, there were 2,223 regular and reserve members of the QAIMNS and when the war ended there were 10,404 trained nurses in the QAIMNS. [16]
It has evolved from assisting physicians to encompass a variety of professional roles. Over 700,000 registered nurses practice in the UK, [1] working in settings such as hospitals, health centres, nursing homes, hospices, communities, military, prisons, and academia. Most are employed by the National Health Service (NHS).
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The nurse manager is the nurse with management responsibilities of a nursing unit. They typically report to a service director. They have primary responsibilities for staffing, budgeting, and day-to-day operations of the unit, bed site teaching, complaint investigations & conducting educational programs at unit base.
Muriel Powell was appointed In the Queen's Honors' list, first, as a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) [5] in 1962 and then as a Dame (DBE) [6] in 1968 for her services to nursing, and specifically her membership of the Salmon Committee and including her tenure as matron of St George's Hospital, London.
1964 – Daphne Steele becomes the first Black Matron in the NHS. [80] 1965 – The establishment of the first nurse practitioner (NP) role, developed jointly by a nurse educator and a physician at the University of Colorado. [81] 1965 – The United States Navy Nurse Corps was all-female until 1965. [82]