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is the definition of the Schwarzschild radius for an object of mass , so the Schwarzschild metric may be rewritten in the alternative form: d s 2 = ( 1 − r s r ) − 1 d r 2 + r 2 ( d θ 2 + sin 2 θ d ϕ 2 ) − c 2 ( 1 − r s r ) d t 2 {\displaystyle ds^{2}=\left(1-{\frac {r_{s}}{r}}\right)^{-1}dr^{2}+r^{2}(d\theta ^{2}+\sin ^{2}\theta ...
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Thus, the Schwarzian derivative precisely measures the degree to which a function fails to be a Möbius transformation. [1] If g is a Möbius transformation, then the composition g o f has the same Schwarzian derivative as f; and on the other hand, the Schwarzian derivative of f o g is given by the chain rule
The symbol was introduced originally in 1770 by Nicolas de Condorcet, who used it for a partial differential, and adopted for the partial derivative by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1786. [3] It represents a specialized cursive type of the letter d , just as the integral sign originates as a specialized type of a long s (first used in print by ...
Such equations give rise to the terminology found in some texts wherein the derivative is referred to as the "differential coefficient" (i.e., the coefficient of dx). Some authors and journals set the differential symbol d in roman type instead of italic: dx. The ISO/IEC 80000 scientific style guide recommends this style.
In words, the arrays represented by the Christoffel symbols track how the basis changes from point to point. If the derivative does not lie on the tangent space, the right expression is the projection of the derivative over the tangent space (see covariant derivative below). Symbols of the second kind decompose the change with respect to the ...
The Schwarzschild solution appears to have singularities at r = 0 and r = r s; some of the metric components "blow up" (entail division by zero or multiplication by infinity) at these radii. Since the Schwarzschild metric is expected to be valid only for those radii larger than the radius R of the gravitating body, there is no problem as long ...
is a model for 3-dimensional space. The metric is equivalent to the standard dot product., =, equivalent to dimensional real space as an inner product space with =. In Euclidean space, raising and lowering is not necessary due to vectors and covector components being the same.