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Medina, [a] officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina) and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (يَثْرِب), is the capital of Medina Province in the ...
The first city converted to Islam and the base for Muhammad's conquest of Arabia, Medina was the first capital of the nascent caliphate. [1] Despite the attempt to return it to Medina during the Second Fitna (680–692), the political seat of the Muslim world quickly shifted permanently away from the Hejaz, first to Damascus under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and then to Baghdad under the ...
The Prophet's Mosque in Medina. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is located in Medina, making the city the second-holiest site in Islam, after Mecca. Medina is the final place-of-residence of Muhammad, and where his qabr is located. [1] In addition to the Prophet's Mosque, the city has the mosques of Qubāʾ [20] and Al-Qiblatayn ("The Two Qiblahs"). [21]
Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its etymology is obscure. [24] Widely believed to be a synonym for Makkah, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the Ka'bah.
Haramayn (from Arabic: الحرمين, dual form of haram, meaning "The Two Sanctuaries"), is the traditional Islamic appellation of the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. It may also refer to: Jerusalem and Hebron during the Mamluk and Ottoman eras, echoing their status as holy sites for Palestinian Muslims
Captain William Shakespear made seven expeditions to the Arabian interior and was the first European to map the Nafud desert. Gertrude Bell; T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") Gerard Leachman was the first European to be received by Ibn Sa'ud in his home city. Major R. E. Cheesman was the first man to map the Arabian coast from the Gulf of ...
After the Muslim conquest of the Fertile Crescent in the 7th century AD and until the 16th century, it was the darb al-hajj or pilgrimage road for Muslims from Syria, Iraq, and beyond heading to the holy city of Mecca. [1] In modern Jordan, Highway 35 and Highway 15 follow this route, connecting Irbid in the north with Aqaba in the south.
A map of the Badr campaign. Economically uprooted by their Meccan persecutors, the Muslim migrants turned to raiding Meccan caravans to respond to their persecution and to provide sustenance for their Muslim families, thus initiating armed conflict between the Muslims and the pagan Quraysh of Mecca.