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Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene . It is a colorless flammable gas, and is of considerable industrial value.
Standard acid catalysts are sulfuric acid or a mixture of BF 3 and HF. Although the use of acidic ionic liquids for the Koch reaction requires relatively high temperatures and pressures (8 MPa and 430 K in one 2006 study [ 9 ] ), acidic ionic solutions themselves can be reused with only a very slight decrease in yield, and the reactions can be ...
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid: [11] CH 3 (C 6 H 4)OH + 2 CH 2 =C(CH 3) 2 → ((CH 3) 3 C) 2 CH 3 C 6 H 2 OH. Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation ...
Isobutane, also known as i-butane, 2-methylpropane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH 3) 3. It is an isomer of butane . Isobutane is a colorless, odorless gas.
AMPS is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water. [2] The recent patent literature [3] describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.
Isoprenol is produced by the reaction between isobutene (2-methylpropene) and formaldehyde, in what is arguably the simplest example of the Prins reaction. The reaction of isobutene with formaldehyde to give isoprenol, the first step in the industrial manufacture of prenol.
The primary advantages of Fischer esterification compared to other esterification processes are based on its relative simplicity. Straightforward acidic conditions can be used if acid-sensitive functional groups are not an issue; sulfuric acid can be used; weaker acids can be used with a tradeoff of longer reaction times.
Typical conditions involve heating the aromatic compound with sulfuric acid: [2] C 6 H 6 + H 2 SO 4 → C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + H 2 O. Sulfur trioxide or its protonated derivative is the actual electrophile in this electrophilic aromatic substitution. To drive the equilibrium, dehydrating agents such as thionyl chloride can be added: [2]