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  2. Pólya conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pólya_conjecture

    For this reason, it is more accurately called "Pólya's problem". The size of the smallest counterexample is often used to demonstrate the fact that a conjecture can be true for many cases and still fail to hold in general, [ 2 ] providing an illustration of the strong law of small numbers .

  3. How to Solve It - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Solve_It

    Can you vary or change your problem to create a new problem (or set of problems) whose solution(s) will help you solve your original problem? Search: Auxiliary Problem: Can you find a subproblem or side problem whose solution will help you solve your problem? Subgoal: Here is a problem related to yours and solved before

  4. Problems and Theorems in Analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems_and_Theorems_in...

    The first question sets up an elementary combinatorics question; but the second suggests both a solution (using generating functions) and a generalisation. The third gives another combinatorics question which can be solved by means of generating functions. Indeed, questions 1-26 follow generating function through further examples.

  5. Pólya enumeration theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pólya_enumeration_theorem

    The Polya enumeration theorem translates the recursive structure of rooted ternary trees into a functional equation for the generating function F(t) of rooted ternary trees by number of nodes. This is achieved by "coloring" the three children with rooted ternary trees, weighted by node number, so that the color generating function is given by f ...

  6. Inventor's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor's_paradox

    Instead of solving a specific type of problem, which would seem intuitively easier, it can be easier to solve a more general problem, which covers the specifics of the sought-after solution. The inventor's paradox has been used to describe phenomena in mathematics, programming, and logic, as well as other areas that involve critical thinking.

  7. Pólya urn model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pólya_urn_model

    One of the reasons for interest in this particular rather elaborate urn model (i.e. with duplication and then replacement of each ball drawn) is that it provides an example in which the count (initially x black and y white) of balls in the urn is not concealed, which is able to approximate the correct updating of subjective probabilities ...

  8. All horses are the same color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_horses_are_the_same_color

    All horses are the same color is a falsidical paradox that arises from a flawed use of mathematical induction to prove the statement All horses are the same color. [1] There is no actual contradiction, as these arguments have a crucial flaw that makes them incorrect.

  9. Parsons problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsons_problem

    Parsons problems are a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to choose from a selection of code fragments, some subset of which comprise the problem solution. The Parsons problem format is used in the learning and teaching of computer programming. Dale Parsons and Patricia Haden of Otago Polytechnic developed Parsons's ...