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In light of recent evidence, olanzapine (Zyprexa) has been FDA approved as an effective monotherapy for the maintenance of bipolar disorder. [22] A head-to-head randomized control trial in 2005 has also shown olanzapine monotherapy to be just as effective and safe as lithium in prophylaxis. [23]
Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar). Signs and symptoms of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ataxia. [3]
Asenapine has been approved by the FDA for the acute treatment of adults with schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features in adults. [12] In Australia asenapine's approved (and also listed on the PBS) indications include the following: [14] Schizophrenia
Lamotrigine is approved in the US for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. [25] While the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproate are predominantly antimanics , lamotrigine has demonstrated efficacy only in preventing or reducing the risk of recurrent depressive episodes of bipolar disorder.
Lithium is the only medication approved by the FDA for treating mania in children. In the 1920s, Kraepelin noted that manic episodes are rare before puberty. [124] In general, bipolar disorder in children was not recognized in the first half of the twentieth century.
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related to: fda approved bipolar maintenance guidelines pdf download