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Poincaré disk with hyperbolic parallel lines Poincaré disk model of the truncated triheptagonal tiling.. In geometry, the Poincaré disk model, also called the conformal disk model, is a model of 2-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which all points are inside the unit disk, and straight lines are either circular arcs contained within the disk that are orthogonal to the unit circle or ...
Hyperbolic geometry is more closely related to Euclidean geometry than it seems: the only axiomatic difference is the parallel postulate. When the parallel postulate is removed from Euclidean geometry the resulting geometry is absolute geometry. There are two kinds of absolute geometry, Euclidean and hyperbolic.
Hyperbolic geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry where the first four axioms of Euclidean geometry are kept but the fifth axiom, the parallel postulate, is changed. The fifth axiom of hyperbolic geometry says that given a line L and a point P not on that line, there are at least two lines passing through P that are parallel to L. [1]
The metric of the model on the half-plane, { , >}, is: = + ()where s measures the length along a (possibly curved) line. The straight lines in the hyperbolic plane (geodesics for this metric tensor, i.e., curves which minimize the distance) are represented in this model by circular arcs perpendicular to the x-axis (half-circles whose centers are on the x-axis) and straight vertical rays ...
Nasir al-Din attempted to derive a proof by contradiction of the parallel postulate. [18] He also considered the cases of what are now known as elliptical and hyperbolic geometry, though he ruled out both of them. [17] Euclidean, elliptical and hyperbolic geometry. The Parallel Postulate is satisfied only for models of Euclidean geometry.
In the Poincaré half-plane model of hyperbolic geometry, each tile can be modeled as an axis-parallel square or rectangle. [4] [7] In this model, rays through the vertical sides of a tile model hyperbolic lines, asymptotic to the point at infinity, and lines through the horizontal sides of a tile model horocycles, asymptotic to the same point. [5]
English: In the Poincaré disc model of the hyperbolic plane, lines are represented by circular arcs orthogonal to the boundary of the closure of the disc. The thin black lines meet at a common point and do not intersect the thick blue line, illustrating that in the hyperbolic plane there are infinitely many lines parallel to a given line passing through the same point.
Hyperbolic motions can also be described on the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic geometry. [ 1 ] This article exhibits these examples of the use of hyperbolic motions: the extension of the metric d ( a , b ) = | log ( b / a ) | {\displaystyle d(a,b)=\vert \log(b/a)\vert } to the half-plane and the unit disk .