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Abstract data type for an abstract description of a set of data; Algorithm for an abstract description of a computational procedure; Bracket abstraction for making a term into a function of a variable; Data modeling for structuring data independent of the processes that use it; Encapsulation for abstractions that hide implementation details
The bridge pattern is useful when both the class and what it does vary often. The class itself can be thought of as the abstraction and what the class can do as the implementation. The bridge pattern can also be thought of as two layers of abstraction. When there is only one fixed implementation, this pattern is known as the Pimpl idiom in the ...
In computing, an abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the working details of a subsystem. Examples of software models that use layers of abstraction include the OSI model for network protocols, OpenGL, and other graphics libraries, which allow the separation of concerns to facilitate interoperability and platform independence.
A hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is an abstraction layer, implemented in software, between the physical hardware of a computer and the software that runs on that computer. . Its function is to hide differences in hardware from most of the operating system kernel, so that most of the kernel-mode code does not need to be changed to run on systems with different hardwa
Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, wrote the first version of the stream I/O library in 1984, as a type-safe and extensible alternative to C's I/O library. [5] The library has undergone a number of enhancements since this early version, including the introduction of manipulators to control formatting, and templatization to allow its use with character types other than char.
An abstract machine implemented as a software simulation, or for which an interpreter exists, is called a virtual machine. [11] Emulation using firmware: Firmware implementation sits between hardware and software implementation. It consists of microcode simulations of data structures and algorithms for abstract machines. [9]
The C++ examples in this section demonstrate the principle of using composition and interfaces to achieve code reuse and polymorphism. Due to the C++ language not having a dedicated keyword to declare interfaces, the following C++ example uses inheritance from a pure abstract base class.
The libraries are aimed at a wide range of C++ users and application domains. They range from general-purpose libraries like the smart pointer library, to operating system abstractions like Boost FileSystem, to libraries primarily aimed at other library developers and advanced C++ users, like the template metaprogramming (MPL) and domain-specific language (DSL) creation (Proto).