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In frogs and toads, the tympanum is a large external oval shape membrane made up of nonglandular skin. [2] It is located just behind the eye. It does not process sound waves; it simply transmits them to the inner parts of the amphibian's ear, which is protected from the entry of water and other foreign objects.
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the ...
In therian mammals, the lagena is extended still further, becoming a coiled structure (cochlea) in order to accommodate its length within the head. The organ of Corti also has a more complex structure in mammals than it does in other amniotes. [12] The arrangement of the inner ear in living amphibians is, in most respects, similar to that of ...
The round window is situated below (inferior to) and a little behind (posterior to) the oval window, from which it is separated by a rounded elevation, the promontory.. It is located at the bottom of a funnel-shaped depression (the round window niche) and, in the macerated bone, opens into the cochlea of the internal ear; in the fresh state it is closed by a membrane, the secondary tympanic ...
Birds and modern crocodilians have evolved a trifurcated columella, which forms a Y-shaped support structure on the surface of the tympanic membrane. [7] In birds, this is thought to increase the surface area of the columellar footplate, thus lowering the threshold of hearing and improving the detection of airborne sound waves. [7] [3]
The basilar membrane, a main structural element that separates the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct and determines the mechanical wave propagation properties of the cochlear partition The organ of Corti , the sensory epithelium, a cellular layer on the basilar membrane, in which sensory hair cells are powered by the potential difference ...
Tympanal organ on the tibia of the katydid Zabalius aridus Tympanal organ of two species of moths, ventral view of abdomen (Tineidae and Pyralidae). A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a tympanal membrane stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. [1]
Given the greater access to the ear anatomy using endoscopic methods, it has been suggested that the bony part of the eustachian tube is really the anterior extension of the middle ear cavity, or the "Protympanum". The term "Eustachian Tube" should be limited to the fibrocartilaginous structure connecting the protympanum to the nasopharynx. [4]