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  2. Kimberlite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberlite

    It is named after the town of Kimberley in South Africa, where the discovery of an 83.5-carat (16.70 g) diamond called the Star of South Africa in 1869 spawned a diamond rush and led to the excavation of the open-pit mine called the Big Hole. Previously, the term kimberlite has been applied to olivine lamproites as Kimberlite II, however this ...

  3. List of rock textures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_textures

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us

  4. Lamproite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamproite

    The Argyle diamond mine is the main source of rare pink diamonds. Olivine lamproite pyroclastic rocks and dikes are sometimes hosts for diamonds . The diamonds occur as xenocrysts that have been carried to the surface or to shallow depths by the lamproite diapiric intrusions .

  5. Heavy mineral sands ore deposits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_mineral_sands_ore...

    Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India).Heavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare-earth elements, the industrial minerals diamond, sapphire, garnet, and occasionally precious metals or gemstones.

  6. Metamorphic rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock

    During this process, the rock remains mostly in the solid state, but gradually recrystallizes to a new texture or mineral composition. [1] The protolith may be an igneous, sedimentary, or existing metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's land surface. [2]

  7. Lonsdaleite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonsdaleite

    In diamond, all the carbon-to-carbon bonds, both within a layer of rings and between them, are in the staggered conformation, thus causing all four cubic-diagonal directions to be equivalent; whereas in lonsdaleite the bonds between layers are in the eclipsed conformation, which defines the axis of hexagonal symmetry.

  8. Laterite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite

    Soil layers, from soil down to bedrock: A represents soil; B represents laterite, a regolith; C represents saprolite, a less-weathered regolith; below C is bedrock Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting ...

  9. Bort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bort

    Bort-like heavily twinned diamond from Congo. Bort is commonly used as an abrasive. Smaller flakes and particles are used as an additive for scouring or polishing pastes and agents. Larger particles can be added to cutting, drilling and grinding tools to improve their lifespan and substantially increase their efficiency. [4]