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Methyl benzoate reacts at both the ring and the ester, depending on the substrate. Electrophiles attack the ring, illustrated by acid-catalysed nitration with nitric acid to give methyl 3-nitrobenzoate. Nucleophiles attack the carbonyl center, illustrated by hydrolysis with addition of aqueous NaOH to give methanol and sodium benzoate.
The phrase ipso nitration was first used by Perrin and Skinner in 1971, in an investigation into chloroanisole nitration. [18] In one protocol, 4-chloro- n -butylbenzene is reacted with sodium nitrite in t -butanol in the presence of 0.5 mol% Pd 2 (dba) 3 , a biarylphosphine ligand and a phase-transfer catalyst to provide 4-nitro- n -butylbenzene.
3-Nitrobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NO 2)CO 2 H. It is an aromatic compound and under standard conditions, it is an off-white solid. The two substituents are in a meta position with respect to each other, giving the alternative name of m-nitrobenzoic acid.
It also can be prepared by treating benzaldehyde under nitration conditions, a process that initially converts the aldehyde to the acid. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is a precursor to 4-aminobenzoic acid , which is in turn used to prepare the anesthetic procaine . 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is prepared by oxidation of 4-nitrotoluene .
The nitration product produced on the largest scale, by far, is nitrobenzene. Many explosives are produced by nitration including trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). [3] Another but more specialized method for making aryl–NO 2 group starts from halogenated phenols, is the Zinke nitration.
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde is the primary product obtained via the mono-nitration of benzaldehyde with nitric acid. [3] C 6 H 5 CHO + HNO 3 → O 2 NC 6 H 4 CHO + H 2 O. Product distribution is about 19% for the ortho-, 72% for the meta- and 9% for the para isomers.
3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid finds use in the identification of various organic substances, especially alcohols, by derivatization.For such an analysis, the substance to be analyzed is reacted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid in order to form a derivate.
Sodium benzoate also known as benzoate of soda is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent. It appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C 6 H 5 COONa.