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[citation needed] Pure liquid water is 1,000 kg/m 3 (62 lb/cu ft). Air density is a property used in many branches of science, engineering, and industry, including aeronautics; [2] [3] [4] gravimetric analysis; [5] the air-conditioning industry; [6] atmospheric research and meteorology; [7] [8] [9] agricultural engineering (modeling and ...
Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass (M r). [8] This is a dimensionless quantity (i.e., a pure number, without units) equal to the molar mass divided by the molar mass constant .
The standard atomic weight takes into account the isotopic distribution of the element in a given sample (usually assumed to be "normal"). For example, water has a molar mass of 18.0153(3) g/mol, but individual water molecules have molecular masses which range between 18.010 564 6863(15) Da (1 H 2 16 O) and 22.027 7364(9) Da (2 H 2 18 O).
A saturated gas or one with 100% relative humidity is when the vapor pressure of water in the air is at equilibrium with vapor pressure due to (liquid) water; water (or ice, if cool enough) will fail to lose mass through evaporation when exposed to saturated air. Because the amount of water vapor in the air is small, relative humidity, the ...
Clouds that have low densities, such as cirrus clouds, contain very little water, thus resulting in relatively low liquid water content values of around .03 g/m 3.Clouds that have high densities, like cumulonimbus clouds, have much higher liquid water content values that are around 1-3 g/m 3, as more liquid is present in the same amount of space.
The unit weight of a soil when all void spaces of the soil are completely filled with air, with no water. The formula for dry unit weight is: = + = + where γ is the moist unit weight of the material; γ d is the dry unit weight of the material; γ w is the unit weight of water; w is the moisture content of the material; G s is the specific ...
The refractive index of liquid water (1.333 at 20 °C (68 °F)) is much higher than that of air (1.0), similar to those of alkanes and ethanol, but lower than those of glycerol (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water.
If the material is under pressure (commonly ambient air pressure at the earth's surface) the determination of mass from a measured sample weight might need to account for buoyancy effects due to the density of the void constituent, depending on how the measurement was conducted.