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Israeli rubber bullets are produced in two main types. The older type, the standard rubber bullet, is a steel sphere coated in a thin layer of rubber, weighing 14 grams, while the newly improved rubber bullet, introduced in 1989, is a rubber-coated metal cylinder 1.7 cm in diameter, weighing 15.4 grams. [18]
Rubber bullets tend to bounce uncontrollably, [4] and have largely been replaced by other types of baton rounds, including plastic bullets: solid PVC cylinders 10 cm long, 38 mm in diameter, and weighing 135g. They were invented by Porton Down scientists and intended for use against rioters in Northern Ireland, first used there in 1973. [3] [5] [6]
Emma Groves (1920 – 2 April 2007) was a human rights activist, a leading campaigner for banning the use of plastic bullets, and a co-founder of the United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets in Northern Ireland. [1] [2] She began her campaign after she was blinded from being struck in the face by a rubber bullet in 1971.
In addition to rubber bullets — which often have a metal core — police have used tear gas, flash-bang grenades, pepper spray gas and projectiles to control crowds of demonstrators demanding ...
Here are the most important items to put in your emergency kit. The use of a rubber bullet is one of the more controversial crowd-control measures, says Robert Glatter, MD, an emergency physician ...
The use of rubber bullets in Northern Ireland resulted in at least three people being killed and many more badly injured. [7] [15] The plastic bullet could be fired directly at people and at longer ranges. It was intended to be a projectile of similar effect on its target as the rubber bullet.
After John Downes, two more youths were killed by plastic bullets: Keith White, [1] a 22-year-old from Portadown, in 1986 and Seamus Duffy, [2] aged 15, from Belfast, in 1989. In March 2005, the Northern Ireland Policing Board agreed to substitute the last variant of the plastic bullet, the L21, for the less-lethal Attenuated Energy Projectile (AEP