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  2. Trouvère - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouvère

    Trouvère (/ truːˈvɛər /, French: [tʁuvɛʁ]), sometimes spelled trouveur (/ truːˈvɜːr /, French: [tʁuvœʁ]), is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador, the precursor of the modern French word troubadour. Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced ...

  3. Troubadour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubadour

    t. e. A troubadour (English: / ˈtruːbədʊər, - dɔːr /, French: [tʁubaduʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: trobador [tɾuβaˈðu] ⓘ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word troubadour is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a trobairitz.

  4. Trobairitz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trobairitz

    The trobairitz (Occitan pronunciation: [tɾuβajˈɾits]) were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. [1] Trobairitz is both singular and plural. [2] The word trobairitz is first attested in the 13th-century romance Flamenca. [3] It comes from the Provençal word trobar, the ...

  5. Music history of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_history_of_France

    French music originated as a unified style in medieval times, focusing around the Notre-Dame school of composers. This group developed the motet , a specific musical composition. Notable in the high Middle Ages were the troubadours and trouvères soon began touring France, composing and performing many original songs.

  6. Bernart de Ventadorn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn

    Bernart de Ventadorn (also Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn; c. 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200) was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. [1] Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, [1] his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to ...

  7. Gautier de Dargies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies

    Gautier de Dargies (ca. 1170 – ca. 1240) [1] was a trouvère from Dargies. He was one of the most prolific of the early trouvères; possibly twenty-five of his lyrics survive, twenty-two with accompanying melodies, in sixteen separate chansonniers. He was a major influence on contemporary and later trouvères, and one of the most recorded of ...

  8. Galician-Portuguese lyric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric

    A song of Martim Codax from the Pergaminho Vindel. In the Middle Ages, the Galician-Portuguese lyric, also known as trovadorismo in Portugal and trobadorismo in Galicia, was a lyric poetic school or movement. All told, there are around 1680 texts in the so-called secular lyric or lírica profana (see Cantigas de Santa Maria for the religious ...

  9. Minstrel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minstrel

    The music of the troubadours and trouvères was performed by minstrels called joglars (Occitan) or jongleurs (French). As early as 1321, the minstrels of Paris were formed into a guild. [6] A guild of royal minstrels was organized in England in 1469. [6] Minstrels were required to either join the guild or abstain from practising their craft.