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While some representatives had obtained courtesy recognition as Chiefs of the Name from the Chief Herald of Ireland, this practice was discontinued by 2003 – when the Attorney General noted that such recognitions in a Republican system were unconstitutional and without basis in Irish law. [5] [6] [7]
Map showing principal Irish surnames at the commencement of the 17th century. Clans of Ireland is a modern organization that was started in 1989 and has eligibility criteria for surnames to be included on their register of Irish clans.
A clan (or fine in Irish, plural finte) included the chief and his patrilineal relatives; [2] however, Irish clans also included unrelated clients of the chief. [3] These unrelated clients and their agnatic descendants were ineligible to be elected chief, but nonetheless assumed the name of the leading lineage as a show of allegiance. [4]
Some modern Irish clan organisations have elected honorary chieftains, where no Chief of the Name is known or yet to be proven. [ citation needed ] Some re-formed Irish clans are affiliated with the Finte na hÉireann or Clans of Ireland, an organisation established in 1989 to maintain a register of affiliated Irish clans.
From 1943 until 2003, some of the modern representatives of the Gaelic nobility obtained a courtesy recognition as Chiefs of the Name from the Irish government. The practice ended in 2003 following certain scandals (including a 'hoax' associated with Terence Francis MacCarthy ) and based on concerns that it was unconstitutional. [ 2 ]
This is an incomplete index of the current and historical principal family seats of clans, peers and landed gentry families in Ireland. Most of the houses belonged to the Old English and Anglo-Irish aristocracy, and many of those located in the present Republic of Ireland were abandoned, sold or destroyed following the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War of the early 1920s.
Like the family of O'Neill, that of O'Donnell of Tyrconnell was of the Uí Néill, i.e. descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, High King of Ireland at the beginning of the 5th century; the O'Neill, or Cenél nEógain, tracing their pedigree to Eógan mac Néill, and the O'Donnells, or Cenél Conaill, to Conall Gulban, both sons of Niall. [3]
The O'Carroll is a recognized member of the Standing Council of Irish Chiefs and Chieftains. Not all of the current recognized Chiefs on the Standing Council live in Ireland, The O'Carroll, the Chief of Clan Cian, currently resides in the United States. The name Cianachta in Irish means "of the Race of Cian," and so, Clan Cian in modern English.