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Xuan tu or Hsuan thu (simplified Chinese: 弦图; traditional Chinese: 絃圖; pinyin: xuántú; Wade–Giles: hsüan 2 tʻu 2) is a diagram given in the ancient Chinese astronomical and mathematical text Zhoubi Suanjing indicating a proof of the Pythagorean theorem. [1] Zhoubi Suanjing is one of the oldest Chinese texts on mathematics. The ...
As a result of obvious linguistic and geographic barriers, as well as content, Chinese mathematics and the mathematics of the ancient Mediterranean world are presumed to have developed more or less independently up to the time when The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art reached its final form, while the Book on Numbers and Computation and ...
Liu Hui's method of calculating the area of a circle. Liu Hui's π algorithm was invented by Liu Hui (fl. 3rd century), a mathematician of the state of Cao Wei.Before his time, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter was often taken experimentally as three in China, while Zhang Heng (78–139) rendered it as 3.1724 (from the proportion of the celestial circle to the diameter ...
A translation to English was published in 1996 by Christopher Cullen, through the Cambridge University Press, entitled Astronomy and mathematics in ancient China: the Zhou bi suan jing. [20] The work includes a preface attributed to Zhao Shuang, as well as his discussions and diagrams for the gougu theorem, the height of the sun, the seven heng ...
The Suàn shù shū (算數書) or Writings on Reckonings is an ancient Chinese text on mathematics approximately seven thousand characters in length, written on 190 bamboo strips. It was discovered together with other writings in 1983 when archaeologists opened a tomb in Hubei province.
A gnomon (/ ˈ n oʊ ˌ m ɒ n,-m ə n /; from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn) ' one that knows or examines ') [1] [2] is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow. The term is used for a variety of purposes in mathematics and other fields, typically to measure directions, position, or time.
Counting rods (筭) are small bars, typically 3–14 cm (1" to 6") long, that were used by mathematicians for calculation in ancient East Asia.They are placed either horizontally or vertically to represent any integer or rational number.
Christopher Cullen: The Suan shu shu Writings on reckoning, Needham Research Institute, pdf free download ; Cullen, Christopher (2007). "The Suàn shù shū, "Writings on reckoning": Rewriting the history of early Chinese mathematics in the light of an excavated manuscript". Historia Mathematica. 34: 10– 44. doi: 10.1016/j.hm.2005.11.006.