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The National Weather Service's arrow showing the EF scale. This includes a description word for each level of the scale. The Enhanced Fujita scale (abbreviated as EF-Scale) is a scale that rates tornado intensity based on the severity of the damage they cause.
The 1977 Birmingham–Smithfield F5 tornado's damage was surveyed by Ted Fujita and he "toyed with the idea of rating the Smithfield tornado an F6". [13] In 2001, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis stated in his book F5–F6 Tornadoes ; "In my opinion, if there ever was an F6 tornado caught on video, it was the Pampa, Texas tornado of 1995 ". [ 14 ]
In late 2023, American meteorologist and tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis created the Outbreak Intensity Score (OIS) as a way to rank tornado outbreaks. [1] [2] For the score, only significant tornadoes are counted: F2/EF2 tornadoes receive 2 points each, F3/EF3 tornadoes receive 5 points each, F4/EF4 tornadoes receive 10 points each, and F5/EF5 tornadoes receive 15 points each. [1]
The Enhanced Fujita scale measures a tornado's intensity on a scale of 1 to 5 based on its wind speed estimates and resulting damages.
Tornado intensity is the measure of wind speeds and potential risk produced by a tornado. Intensity can be measured by in situ or remote sensing measurements, but since these are impractical for wide-scale use, intensity is usually inferred by proxies , such as damage.
Severe tornado damage occurs with an EF3 tornado, which has wind speeds of 136 to 165 mph. Some walls of well-constructed houses can be torn off. Most trees in the path of the twister will be ...
While this tornado did not receive a rating on a tornado intensity scale, a publication in the Journal of Meteorology by M. W. Roe described the tornado as a “violent whirlwind”, so it is believed to have been equivalent to an F4 tornado. [6] [7] M. W. Roe September 11: 1535 Poland: Lower Silesian: Oleśnica: 5
The dots he uses to identify each location are color-coded. The colors help identify if a shelter isn't wheelchair accessible, the building type, its capacity and other details.