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In 2021, net migration to the UK was 488,000, [85] [86] up from 184,000 in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. [87] Net migration to the UK reached a record high of 764,000 in 2022, with immigration at 1.26 million and emigration at 493,000. [7] Most of the migrants came from non-EU countries, including India, Nigeria, China and Pakistan.
The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom.In the period January to December 2017, there were groups from 25 foreign countries that were estimated to consist of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK (people born in Poland, India, Pakistan, Romania, Ireland, Germany, Bangladesh, Italy ...
A large number of Brythonic-speaking Celts fled or migrated to what is now Brittany on the coast of France, becoming the Bretons. [23] The second large-scale British migration came following the Norman Conquest of England, leading to a displacement of English people, mostly dispossessed nobility.
When Britain joined the EEC in 1973, the level of migration from Western European nations increased and migration from newer EU member states in Central, and Eastern Europe, have resulted in a large Eastern European population over the past 2 decades. However, after the Brexit Referendum in 2016, numbers began to decline once again.
Since then, economic migration to the United Kingdom has increased, with Brazilian- and Colombian-born residents now forming the two largest Latin American groups, standing at an estimated 95,000 and 36,000, respectively, as of 2019. [3] A significant number of refugees and asylum seekers also moved to the UK during the late 20th century.
The ancestors of the people who built Stonehenge were Neolithic farmers originating from Anatolia who brought agriculture to Europe. [10] At the time of their arrival, around 4,000 BC, Britain was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers who were the first inhabitants of the island after the last Ice Age ended about 11,700 years ago. [11]
Genetic studies have revealed multiple migration waves into Britain and Ireland from the Palaeolithic onwards, with detectable regional differences among present-day populations. After the Last Glacial Maximum, hunter-gatherer groups carrying two distinct ancestries (GoyetQ2-related and Villabruna-related ) repopulated Britain and Ireland, with ...
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Roma), Scottish Lowland Roma and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.