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In graph drawing styles that represent the edges of a graph by polylines (sequences of line segments connected at bends), it is desirable to minimize the number of bends per edge (sometimes called the curve complexity) [1] or the total number of bends in a drawing. [2] Bend minimization is the algorithmic problem of finding a drawing that ...
A path graph or linear graph of order n ≥ 2 is a graph in which the vertices can be listed in an order v 1, v 2, …, v n such that the edges are the {v i, v i+1} where i = 1, 2, …, n − 1. Path graphs can be characterized as connected graphs in which the degree of all but two vertices is 2 and the degree of the two remaining vertices is 1.
Less commonly (though more consistent with the general definition of union in mathematics) the union of two graphs is defined as the graph (V 1 ∪ V 2, E 1 ∪ E 2). graph intersection: G 1 ∩ G 2 = (V 1 ∩ V 2, E 1 ∩ E 2); [1] graph join: . Graph with all the edges that connect the vertices of the first graph with the vertices of the ...
From the handshaking lemma, a k-regular graph with odd k has an even number of vertices. A theorem by Nash-Williams says that every k ‑regular graph on 2k + 1 vertices has a Hamiltonian cycle. Let A be the adjacency matrix of a graph. Then the graph is regular if and only if = (, …,) is an eigenvector of A. [2]
A line graph has an articulation point if and only if the underlying graph has a bridge for which neither endpoint has degree one. [2] For a graph G with n vertices and m edges, the number of vertices of the line graph L(G) is m, and the number of edges of L(G) is half the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices in G, minus m. [6]
This graph becomes disconnected when the right-most node in the gray area on the left is removed This graph becomes disconnected when the dashed edge is removed.. In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more ...
Very complex graph: the psychrometric chart, relating temperature, pressure, humidity, and other quantities. Non-rectangular coordinates: the above all use two-dimensional rectangular coordinates ; an example of a graph using polar coordinates , sometimes in three dimensions, is the antenna radiation pattern chart, which represents the power ...
A Hasse diagram is a simple picture of a finite partially ordered set, forming a drawing of the partial order's transitive reduction. Concretely, one represents each element of the set as a vertex on the page and draws a line segment or curve that goes upward from x to y precisely when x < y and there is no z such that x < z < y .