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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans. [5] It is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), including astrocytes [ 6 ] and ependymal cells during development. [ 7 ]
For example, it is both relatively sensitive and specific for detection of breast cancer metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. [3] It may cross-react with GFAP, leading to aberrant staining of glial tumors such as ependymoma, glioblastoma and schwannoma. [1] It may also stain myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. [1]
Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the patient attacks a protein of the nervous system called glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It was described in 2016 by researchers of the Mayo Clinic in the United States.
Glioblastoma is a grade IV cancer that may originate from astrocytes or an existing astrocytoma. Approximately 50% of all brain tumors are glioblastomas. Glioblastomas can contain multiple glial cell types, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Glioblastomas are generally considered to be the most invasive type of glial tumor, as they grow ...
In histology, the GFAP stain is done to determine whether cells contain glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein found in glial cells. It is useful for determining whether a tumour is of glial origin.
Up to 20% of choroid plexus papilloma patients may test positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). [12] Studies have found that fourth ventricle cancers express more S100 than lateral ventricle tumors, and older patients (over 20 years) express more GFAP and transthyretin than younger patients. [ 13 ]
Alexander disease is a genetic disorder affecting the midbrain and cerebellum of the central nervous system.It is caused by mutations in the gene for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) [4] [5] [6] that maps to chromosome 17q21.
The giant-cell glioblastoma was originally termed monstrocellular sarcoma, because of its stromal reticulin network, [9] [10] but the astrocytic nature of the tumor was firmly established through the consistent GFAP expression analysis. [11] [12] [13]