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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans. [5] It is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), including astrocytes [6] and ependymal cells during development. [7]
In the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors, AG is characterised as GFAP-positive, NeuN-positive and low Ki-67 proliferative rate with a perivascular growth pattern. [13] Photomicrograph displaying the AG tumor cells by histological evaluation, H&E stain.
The giant-cell glioblastoma was originally termed monstrocellular sarcoma, because of its stromal reticulin network, [9] [10] but the astrocytic nature of the tumor was firmly established through the consistent GFAP expression analysis. [11] [12] [13]
Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the patient attacks a protein of the nervous system called glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It was described in 2016 by researchers of the Mayo Clinic in the United States.
OLIG2 is universally expressed in glioblastoma and other diffuse gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas), and is a useful positive diagnostic marker of these brain tumors. [13] Although in normal brain tissue OLIG2 expresses mostly on oligodendrocytes but not on mature astrocytes, in adult glioma, OLIG2 expresses on ...
Pilocytic astrocytoma (and its variant pilomyxoid astrocytoma) is a brain tumor that occurs most commonly in children and young adults (in the first 20 years of life). They usually arise in the cerebellum, near the brainstem, in the hypothalamic region, or the optic chiasm, but they may occur in any area where astrocytes are present, including the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord.
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