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In all states, a city or county may enact a local ordinance as a criminal law [3] that covers the same crime or violation as a state law but only if the penalty provided by the local ordinance is higher than the state statute. A local ordinance cannot be used to create a lesser penalty for a crime or traffic offense than state law.
A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law), is a set of rules or law established by an organization or community so as to regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authority. The higher authority, generally a legislature or some other government body, establishes the degree of control that the by-laws may exercise.
Commercial law (or business law), [1] which is also known by other names such as mercantile law or trade law depending on jurisdiction; is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and organizations engaged in commercial and business activities.
Depending on the state, local governments may operate under their own charters or under general law, or a state may have a mix of chartered and general-law local governments. Generally, in a state having both chartered and general-law local governments, the chartered local governments have more local autonomy and home rule. [3]
A business license is an official permit issued by a government agency that allows an individual or company to conduct business within the government’s jurisdiction. In Iran, businesses must obtain specific licenses to ensure compliance with regulations and local laws. [15]
Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state and is defined in opposition to international law. It encompasses the laws enacted by national, state , or local governments and is concerned with regulating the behavior of individuals, corporations, and entities within the country.
Legal compliance is the process or procedure to ensure that an organization follows relevant laws, regulations and business rules. [5] The definition of legal compliance, especially in the context of corporate legal departments, has recently been expanded to include understanding and adhering to ethical codes within entire professions, as well.
Lawmaking is the process of crafting legislation. [1] In its purest sense, it is the basis of governance.. Lawmaking in modern democracies is the work of legislatures, which exist at the local, regional, and national levels and make such laws as are appropriate to their level, and binding over those under their jurisdictions.