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The plaintiffs disputed the constitutionality of the amendment through three claims: The power to amend the Constitution did not cover this amendment, due to its character. Several states that had ratified the amendment had constitutions that prohibited women from voting, rendering them unable to ratify an amendment to the contrary.
The year 2020 marks the centennial of the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, as well as the 150th anniversary of the first women voting in Utah, which was the first state in the nation where women cast a ballot. [143] An annual celebration of the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, known as Women's Equality Day, began on August 26, 1973. [144]
Fairchild v. Hughes, 258 U.S. 126 (1922), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a general citizen, in a state that already had women's suffrage, lacked standing to challenge the validity of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. [1]
Women are guaranteed the right to vote by the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In practice, the same restrictions that hindered the ability of non-white men to vote now also applied to non-white women. 1923. Texas passes a white primary law. [37] 1924
If 2020 has taught us anything, it’s that every vote — past, present, and future — matters a lot. Amelia McNeil-Maddox, an 18-year-old voter from Maine, says the coincidence of the ...
The first women-led anti-suffrage group in the United States was the Anti-Sixteenth Amendment Society. [39] The group was started by Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren in 1869. [40] During the fight to pass the nineteenth amendment, women increasingly took on a leading role in the anti-suffrage movement. [41]
Shelby County v. Holder (2013) - overturned Sections 4(b) and 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, limiting the law's enforcement. Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014) - held that Proposal 2, an amendment to the Constitution of Michigan prohibiting affirmative action does not violate the Equal Protection Clause
The struggle now passed to the state legislatures, three-fourths of which would need to ratify the amendment before it would become law. Catt and the NAWSA executive board had been planning their work in support of the ratification effort since April 1918, over a year before Congress passed the amendment.