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  2. Evolution of bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_bacteria

    The evolution of bacteria has progressed over billions of years since the Precambrian time with their first major divergence from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage roughly 3.2-3.5 billion years ago. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This was discovered through gene sequencing of bacterial nucleoids to reconstruct their phylogeny .

  3. Timeline of the evolutionary history of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the...

    Evolution of Neanderthals. 300 ka Gigantopithecus, a giant relative of the orangutan from Asia dies out. 250 ka Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa. [103] [104] [105] Around 50 ka they start colonising the other continents, replacing Neanderthals in Europe and other hominins in Asia. 70 ka Genetic bottleneck in humans (Toba catastrophe ...

  4. E. coli long-term evolution experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._coli_long-term...

    The 12 E. coli LTEE populations on June 25, 2008. [1]The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, [2] and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. [3]

  5. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as to pharmaceutical drugs. [245] [246] [247] These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide [248] and herbicide [249] resistance.

  6. Last universal common ancestor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor

    The emergence of Na + /H + antiporters likely lead to the evolution of impermeable membranes present in eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria. It is stated that "The late and independent evolution of glycolysis but not gluconeogenesis is entirely consistent with LUCA being powered by natural proton gradients across leaky membranes.

  7. History of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life

    The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...

  8. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    The development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria provides evidence that evolution due to natural selection is an ongoing process in the natural world. Natural selection is ubiquitous in all research pertaining to evolution, taking note of the fact that all of the following examples in each section of the article document the process.

  9. Eukaryogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryogenesis

    Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis , in which an archaeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...