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The water molecule is amphoteric in aqueous solution. It can either gain a proton to form a hydronium ion H 3 O +, or else lose a proton to form a hydroxide ion OH −. [7] Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts as an acid and another as a base. H 2 O + H 2 O ...
This reflects E. F. Schumacher's concept of "intermediate technology," i.e., technology which is significantly more effective and expensive than traditional methods, but still an order of magnitude (10 times) cheaper than developed world technology. Key examples are: the Malian peanut sheller; the fonio husking machine; the screenless hammer mill
Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles Artificial gravity: Research and development Space travel Spin gravity: Asteroid mining: Conceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and redirect an asteroid [124] Commerce, resource supply Inflatable space habitat: Development, prototypes built and tested Space habitats ...
Oil–water separator; Organisms used in water purification; Parallel plate oil–water separator; Photobioreactor; Reed bed; Regenerative thermal oxidizer; Retention basin; Reverse osmosis; Rotating biological contactor; Sand filter; Screen filter; Sedimentation (water treatment) Septic tank; Septic tank conversion [2] Sequencing batch reactor ...
These reactive species can be applied in water and can oxidize virtually any compound present in the water matrix, often at a diffusion-controlled reaction speed. Consequently, ·OH reacts unselectively once formed and contaminants will be quickly and efficiently fragmented and converted into small inorganic molecules.
The first agriculture ASR wells were put into service in Oregon in the autumn of 2006 and have injected well over 3,000 acre-feet (3,700,000 m 3) of water during the winter and spring flood flow times using artificial recharge (AR) of flood water as their water source. This shallow recharged water is then recovered as potable water and injected ...
Coagulation-flocculation process in a water treatment system. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas ...
Some examples of this are heavy metals, pesticides, and radioactive materials. Depending on the contaminant the remedial processes can be physical, chemical, thermal, or biological. Water remediation is one of the most important considering water is an essential natural resource. Depending on the source of water there will be different ...