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Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a methane-consuming microbial process occurring in anoxic marine and freshwater sediments. AOM is known to occur among mesophiles , but also in psychrophiles , thermophiles , halophiles , acidophiles , and alkophiles . [ 1 ]
M. nitroreducens utilizes the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), [2] a process which serves as an important sink of environmental methane, lowering the gas' overall impact on climate change. [3] This process was originally discovered to be paired with sulfate reduction, but is now known to also be paired with nitrate and metal ion (Mn 4+ or ...
Some specific methanotrophs can reduce nitrate, [19] nitrite, [20] iron, [21] sulfate, [22] or manganese ions and couple that to methane oxidation without syntrophic partner. Investigations in marine environments revealed that methane can be oxidized anaerobically by consortia of methane oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria .
Methane has a limited atmospheric lifetime, about 10 years, due to substantial methane sinks. The primary methane sink is atmospheric oxidation, from hydroxyl radicals (~90% of the total sink) and chlorine radicals (0-5% of the total sink). The rest is consumed by methanotrophs and other methane-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils (~5%). [7]
Here, sulfate diffusing down and methane diffusing up coincide, resulting in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). This metabolism take sulfate and methane in a 1:1 ratio and produces certain carbon species (mainly bicarbonate) and sulfide. It is through AOM that sulfate and methane concentrations remain relatively low within the SMTZ. [1]
Methane's GWP 20 of 85 means that a ton of CH 4 emitted into the atmosphere creates approximately 85 times the atmospheric warming as a ton of CO 2 over a period of 20 years. [23] On a 100-year timescale, methane's GWP 100 is in the range of 28–34. Methane emissions are important as reducing them can buy time to tackle carbon emissions. [24] [25]
Anaerobic denitrification coupled to methane oxidation was first observed in 2008, with the isolation of a methane-oxidizing bacterial strain found to oxidize methane independently. [6] This process uses the excess electrons from methane oxidation to reduce nitrates, effectively removing both fixed nitrogen and methane from aquatic systems in ...
[10] [11] Meanwhile methane is a potent greenhouse gas that has a stronger greenhouse potential per molecule than carbon dioxide. [12] The presence of organisms like M. oxyfera can therefore be beneficial in many environments and might be used for bioremediation or sewage treatment in the future.