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Caesar had no living legitimate children under Roman law [d] and so had adopted Octavian, his grand-nephew, in his will, making him his primary heir. [34] Mark Antony later charged that Octavian had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favours, though Suetonius describes Antony's accusation as political slander. [35]
It was then made public that Caesar had adopted Octavius as his son and main heir. In response, Octavius changed his name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Though modern scholars to avoid confusion commonly refer to him at this point as Octavian, he called himself "Caesar", which is the name his contemporaries also used.
Augustus (Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus), as Caesar's adopted son and heir, discarded the family name of his natural father and initially renamed himself "Gaius Julius Caesar" after his adoptive father. It was also customary for the adopted son to acknowledge his original family by adding an extra name at the end of his new name.
Octavian [ edit ] On 1 January 42 BC, nearly two years after the assassination of Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC, but before the final victory of the Second Triumvirate over the conspirators who had taken his life, the Roman Senate recognised Caesar as a divinity.
As Caesar's adopted heir, Octavian stood to inherit the genius, heritable property and honours of his adoptive father in addition to those obtained through his own birth gens and efforts. [203] The exceptionally potent genius of living emperors expressed the will of the gods through Imperial actions. [ 204 ]
Octavian, the future Augustus, was adopted in this way by his maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar. [42] Although adoptio was a practice aimed at furthering the succession of male privileges, both men and women could in effect "adopt" by passing along their property in a will with the condition that the heir carry on the family name (condicio ...
The title, in full, of princeps senatus / princeps civitatis ("first amongst the senators" / "first amongst the citizens") was first adopted by Octavian Caesar Augustus (27 BC–AD 14), the first Roman "emperor" who chose not to reintroduce a legal monarchy.
475–476), adopted Augustus not only as a title, but also as a proper name (becoming Romulus Augustus pius felix Augustus). [ 12 ] After the victory over the Sasanian Empire in the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 , the 7th century final phase of the Roman–Persian Wars , the emperor Heraclius introduced the Ancient Greek ...