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  2. Inquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisition

    In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX (reigned 1227–1241) assigned the duty of carrying out inquisitions to the Dominican Order and Franciscan Order. By the end of the Middle Ages, England and Castile were the only large western nations without a papal inquisition. Most inquisitors were friars who taught theology and/or law in the universities.

  3. Medieval Inquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Inquisition

    Pope Gregory IX from medieval manuscript: Universitätsbibliothek Salzburg, M III 97, 122rb, ca. 1270) The Medieval Inquisition was a series of Inquisitions (Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s).

  4. Pope Gregory IX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX

    In 1233, Gregory IX established the Papal Inquisition to regularize the prosecution of heresy. [8] The Papal Inquisition was intended to bring order to the haphazard episcopal inquisitions which had been established by Lucius III in 1184. Gregory's aim was to bring order and legality to the process of dealing with heresy, since there had been ...

  5. Pope Gregory II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II

    Pope Gregory II (Latin: Gregorius II; 669 – 11 February 731) was the bishop of Rome from 19 May 715 to his death. [1] His defiance of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms, and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.

  6. Investiture Controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy

    Woodcut of a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office, Philip Van Ness Myers, 1905. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (German: Investiturstreit, pronounced [ɪnvɛstiˈtuːɐ̯ˌʃtʁaɪt] ⓘ) was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) [1] and abbots of monasteries and the ...

  7. Spanish Inquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition

    In the Kingdom of Aragon, a tribunal of the Papal Inquisition was established by the statute of Excommunicamus et anathematisamus of Pope Gregory IX, [18] in 1231, during the era of the Albigensian heresy, as a condition for peace with Aragon. The Inquisition was ill-received by the Aragonese, which led to prohibitions against insults or ...

  8. The clash between the Church and the Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_clash_between_the...

    Pope Gregory IX mounted a significant campaign against him, promising crusader privileges to soldiers who fought on his behalf, even inviting Hungarians who had vowed to take part in a crusade to redirect their efforts against Frederick II. [21] The Pope denounced Frederick as the Antichrist, and opposition to him intensified. In March 1240 ...

  9. Renaissance Papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Papacy

    Pope Leo X, the quintessential Renaissance pope. The Renaissance Papacy was a period of papal history between the Western Schism and the Reformation.From the election of Pope Martin V of the Council of Constance in 1417 to the Reformation in the 16th century, Western Christianity was largely free from schism as well as significant disputed papal claimants.