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Trihalomethanes with all the same halogen atoms are called haloforms. Many trihalomethanes find uses in industry as solvents or refrigerants . Some THMs are also environmental pollutants , and a few are considered carcinogenic .
In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.
Halomethane compounds are derivatives of methane (CH 4) with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, or I). Halomethanes are both naturally occurring, especially in marine environments, and human-made, most notably as refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and fumigants.
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This makes the remaining hydrogens more acidic. In the case of methyl ketones, this reaction often occurs a third time to form a ketone trihalide, which can undergo rapid substitution with water to form a carboxylate (−C(=O)O −) in what is known as the haloform reaction. [1]
It is a hydrofluorocarbon as well as being a part of the haloforms, a class of compounds with the formula CHX 3 (X = halogen) with C 3v symmetry. Fluoroform is used in diverse applications in organic synthesis. It is not an ozone depleter but is a greenhouse gas. [2]
Tetrafluoroethane (a haloalkane) is a colorless liquid that boils well below room temperature (as seen here) and can be extracted from common canned air canisters by simply inverting them during use. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides ) are alkanes containing one or more halogen substituents of hydrogen atom. [ 1 ]
The most common example is fluoroacetate, which occurs as a plant defence against herbivores in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil and Africa. [27] Other biologically synthesized organofluorines include ω-fluoro fatty acids , fluoroacetone , and 2-fluorocitrate which are all believed to be biosynthesized in biochemical pathways from the ...