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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE), also known as hydrogen-assisted cracking or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), is a reduction in the ductility of a metal due to absorbed hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms are small and can permeate solid metals.
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H 2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [12] non-toxic, and highly combustible.
Natural hydrogen is generated from various sources. Many hydrogen emergences have been identified on mid-ocean ridges. [22] Serpentinisation occurs frequently in the oceanic crust; many targets for exploration include portions of oceanic crust which have been obducted and incorporated into continental crust.
The Hydrogen Storage Materials research field is vast, having tens of thousands of published papers. [174] According to Papers in the 2000 to 2015 period collected from Web of Science and processed in VantagePoint ® bibliometric software, a scientometric review of research in hydrogen storage materials was constituted. According to the ...
In acidic conditions, the hydrogen evolution reaction follows the formula: [6] 2 H + + 2 e − → H 2. In neutral or alkaline conditions, the reaction follows the formula: [6] 4 H 2 O + 4 e − → 2 H 2 + 4 HO −. Both of these mechanisms can be seen in industrial practices at the cathode side of the electrolyzer where hydrogen evolution occurs.
The hydrogen cycle consists of hydrogen exchanges between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) sources and sinks of hydrogen-containing compounds. Hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element in the universe. [1] On Earth, common H-containing inorganic molecules include water (H 2 O), hydrogen gas (H 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and ammonia ...
Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
Forming gas is a mixture of hydrogen (mole fraction varies) [1] and nitrogen. It is sometimes called a "dissociated ammonia atmosphere" due to the reaction which generates it: 2 NH 3 → 3 H 2 + N 2. It can also be manufactured by thermal cracking of ammonia, in an ammonia cracker or forming gas generator. [2]