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High voltage interface relays, a.k.a., interface relays: [1] [2] or coupling relays or insulating interfaces [3] [4] is a special class of electrical relays designed to provide informational and electrical compatibility between functional components isolated from each other and not allowing for a direct connection due to a high difference of potentials.
For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.
Current and voltage transformers to step down the high voltages and currents of the electrical power system to convenient levels for the relays to deal with; Protective relays to sense the fault and initiate a trip, or disconnection, order; Circuit breakers or RCDs to open/close the system based on relay and autorecloser commands
The output voltage is low but well above ground. It is approximately equal to the high threshold and may not be low enough to be a logical zero for subsequent digital circuits. This may require an additional level shifting circuit following the trigger circuit. Crossing up the high threshold.
Rare Z806W relay tube used in elevators. Low-power thyratrons (relay tubes and trigger tubes) were manufactured for controlling incandescent lamps, electromechanical relays or solenoids, for bidirectional counters, to perform various functions in Dekatron calculators, for voltage threshold detectors in RC timers, etc. Glow thyratrons were optimized for high gas-discharge light output or even ...
High-level and low-level, as technical terms, are used to classify, describe and point to specific goals of a systematic operation; and are applied in a wide range of contexts, such as, for instance, in domains as widely varied as computer science and business administration.
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If no such path exists, the output is false (0), and the "coil" by analogy to electromechanical relays is considered "de-energized". This analogy between logical propositions and relay contact status was established by Claude Shannon. Ladder logic has contacts that make or break circuits to control coils.