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One GL-type superconductor is the famous YBCO, and generally all cuprates. [ 1 ] Later, a version of Ginzburg–Landau theory was derived from the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer microscopic theory by Lev Gor'kov , [ 2 ] thus showing that it also appears in some limit of microscopic theory and giving microscopic interpretation of all its parameters.
In mathematics, the general linear group of degree n is the set of n×n invertible matrices, together with the operation of ordinary matrix multiplication.This forms a group, because the product of two invertible matrices is again invertible, and the inverse of an invertible matrix is invertible, with the identity matrix as the identity element of the group.
The unitary group is a subgroup of the general linear group GL(n, C), and it has as a subgroup the special unitary group, consisting of those unitary matrices with determinant 1. In the simple case n = 1 , the group U(1) corresponds to the circle group , isomorphic to the set of all complex numbers that have absolute value 1, under multiplication.
In mathematics, the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory and geometry.It was proposed by Robert Langlands (1967, 1970).It seeks to relate Galois groups in algebraic number theory to automorphic forms and representation theory of algebraic groups over local fields and adeles.
The Coulomb gauge (also known as the transverse gauge) is used in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics and is defined by the gauge condition (more precisely, gauge fixing condition) (,) =. It is particularly useful for "semi-classical" calculations in quantum mechanics, in which the vector potential is quantized but the Coulomb ...
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
The Feynman Lectures on Physics is a physics textbook based on a great number of lectures by Richard Feynman, a Nobel laureate who has sometimes been called "The Great Explainer". [1] The lectures were presented before undergraduate students at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), during 1961–1964.
Notational abuse to be found below includes e X for the exponential map exp given an argument, writing g for the element (g, e H) in a direct product G × H (e H is the identity in H), and analogously for Lie algebra direct sums (where also g + h and (g, h) are used interchangeably).