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The distinct factors and causes of this high percentage have often not been studied due to lack of data. [2] Factors such as low levels of education, religion, and socioeconomic status all are relevant when looking at the causes of domestic violence in Kenya. [2] Sexual coercion is prevalent in Kenya and often leads to abuse as well. [4]
Women are at increased risk of sexual violence, as they are of physical violence by an intimate partner, when they become more educated and thus more empowered. Women with no education were found in a national survey in South Africa to be much less likely to experience sexual violence than those with higher levels of education. [15]
Communal conflicts in Nigeria [3] can be divided into two broad categories: [4] [dubious – discuss]. Ethno-religious conflicts, attributed to actors primarily divided by cultural, ethnic, or religious communities and identities, such as instances of religious violence between Christian and Muslim communities.
Gordon, Steven. "Citizens’ preferences for tackling xenophobic violence in an African context: A South African case study." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology (2021). Kerr, Philippa, Kevin Durrheim, and John Dixon. "Xenophobic violence and struggle discourse in South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54.7 (2019): 995 ...
Any ethnic tension or outbreak of violence will go against their economic interests and therefore, over time, the salience of ethnic identity diminishes. Interactions between ethnic groups in formal settings can also help countries torn apart by ethnic violence to recover and break down ethnic divisions.
A graph of South Africa's murder rate (annual murders per 100,000 people) spanning the century from 1915 to 2023. The murder rate increased rapidly towards the end of Apartheid, reaching a peak in 1993. It then decreased until bottoming out at 30 per 100,000 in 2011, but steadily increased again to 44 per 100,000 in 2023 after a brief drop in 2020.
Communal violence is found in Africa, [4] [5] the Americas, [6] [7] Asia, [8] [9] Europe [10] and Oceania. [11] The term "communal violence" was coined by European colonial authorities as they wrestled to manage outbreaks of violence between religious, ethnic and disparate groups in their colonies, particularly Africa and South Asia, in early ...
Some one thousand people were killed in riots in 2001, and at least 700 died in subsequent violence in 2008. [5] Jos is the capital of Plateau State, in the middle of the divide between the predominantly Muslim north of Nigeria and the predominantly Christian south. [6] Since 2001, the area has been plagued by violence motivated by multiple ...