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Clonidine may reduce withdrawal symptoms and "approximately doubles abstinence rates when compared to a placebo," but its side effects include dry mouth and sedation, and abruptly stopping the drug can cause high blood pressure and other side effects. [46] [47] There is no good evidence anxiolytics are helpful. [48]
Clonidine may be used to ease drug withdrawal symptoms associated with abruptly stopping the long-term use of opioids, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and nicotine. [36] It can alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms by reducing the sympathetic nervous system response such as tachycardia and hypertension , hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), hot and ...
Lofexidine and clonidine are used for this purpose; both are considered to be equally effective, though clonidine has more side effects than lofexidine. [16] Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist primarily used in the treatment of hypertension. [17]
These adverse effects are believed to be due to the neurotoxic effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol on aberrant neuronal plasticity and cortical damage. Repeated periods of acute intoxication followed by acute detoxification has profound effects on the brain and is associated with an increased risk of seizures as well as cognitive deficits.
Rebound effects from stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextroamphetamine include stimulant psychosis, depression and a return of ADHD symptoms but in a temporarily exaggerated form. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Up to a third of ADHD children experience a rebound effect when methylphenidate is withdrawn.
Some side effects, such as weight gain, occur more frequently with certain types of antidepressant medication. Switching to a new type of antidepressant may help reverse any weight gain you’ve ...
People who had moderate or severe digestive side effects were more likely to stop the medications. In severe cases, patients have sued drugmakers contending the medications led to lasting harms.
Clonidine and other imidazoline compounds have also been shown to reduce muscle spasms by their central nervous system activity. Tizanidine is perhaps the most thoroughly studied clonidine analog, and is an agonist at α 2-adrenergic receptors, but reduces spasticity at doses that result in significantly less hypotension than clonidine. [26]