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Nasal polyps resulting from chronic rhinosinusitis affect approximately 4.3% of the population. [6] Nasal polyps occur more frequently in men than women and are more common as people get older, increasing drastically after the age of 40. [6] Of people with chronic rhinosinusitis, 10% to 54% also have allergies.
In anatomy, the pharyngeal tonsil, also known as the nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoid, is the superior-most of the tonsils.It is a mass of lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity, in the roof and the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, [1] where the nose blends into the throat.
Enlarged adenoids can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if enlarged adenoids are not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, they can obstruct airflow enough so that nasal breathing requires an uncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through mouth breathing.
The upper airways or upper respiratory tract includes the nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, the pharynx, and the portion of the larynx above the vocal folds (cords). The lower airways or lower respiratory tract includes the portion of the larynx below the vocal folds, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Nasal obstruction characterized by insufficient airflow through the nose can be a subjective sensation or the result of objective pathology. [10] It is difficult to quantify by subjective complaints or clinical examinations alone, hence both clinicians and researchers depend both on concurrent subjective assessment and on objective measurement of the nasal airway.
It can be caused by anatomical factors such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps (growths), as well as infection. Symptoms include difficulty breathing through the nose, swelling and pain around the nose and eyes, postnasal drainage down the throat, and difficulty sleeping. [10] CRS is a common condition in children and young adults. [11]
It is performed using a fiberoptic [1] instrument called a flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope, [2] that is inserted through the nose in order to examine both it, and the back of the throat. [3] It is typically used to identify a variety of conditions including nasal septal deviation , polyps , and edema , [ 4 ] and the causes of conditions ...
The nasal root is above the bridge and below the glabella, forming an indentation known as the nasion at the frontonasal suture where the frontal bone meets the nasal bones. [16] The nasal dorsum also known as the nasal ridge is the border between the root and the tip of the nose, which in profile can be variously shaped. [17]