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The two measures are often confused in descriptions of dog breeds. The cephalic index is used to classify animals into three groups: Brachycephalic (literally 'short-headed'): the length of the cranium is shorter than the width, giving the top and sides of the cranium a round shape, often referred to as 'apple-head'.
The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back). The index was once used to categorize human beings in the first half of ...
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species.It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds, notably the pug and Persian, and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical study of the visible parts of the body of a domestic dog. Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, [ 1 ] as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.
In anthropology, human populations have been characterized as either dolichocephalic (long-headed), mesocephalic (moderate-headed), or brachycephalic (short-headed). The usefulness of the cephalic index was questioned by Giuseppe Sergi , who argued that cranial morphology provided a better means to model racial ancestry.
In brachycephalic breeds of dog, the saccules can become everted and protrude into the laryngeal opening, causing symptoms such as snoring, noisy breathing, coughing, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath in affected dogs. [5]
Many brachycephalic pet owners may see these symptoms as "normal" for that breed. [7] Recognizing different sounds during the animals breathing can help to diagnose BOAC and the presence of an elongated soft palate. - Pharyngeal Noise: This noise is termed ‘stertor’ and occurs when a dog cannot ‘pant’ normally due to blockage. So, the ...