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He used the spectroscope to study pigments in microorganisms and muscular tissue. He was the first to describe cytochromes , which he termed myohaematins (respiratory pigments of muscle). [ 5 ] Serious criticism of his work, led by German scientist Felix Hoppe-Seyler , led to it being discredited at the time. [ 3 ]
The practitioner–scholar model is an advanced educational and operational model that is focused on practical application of scholarly knowledge. [1] It was initially developed to train clinical psychologists but has since been adapted by other specialty programs such as business, public health, and law.
Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.
It was argued that PICO may be useful for every scientific endeavor even beyond clinical settings. [2] This proposal is based on a more abstract view of the PICO mnemonic, equating them with four components that is inherent to every single research, namely (1) research object; (2) application of a theory or method; (3) alternative theories or methods (or the null hypothesis); and (4) the ...
The term conceptual model refers to any model that is formed after a conceptualization or generalization process. [1] [2] Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social. Semantic studies are relevant to various stages of concept formation. Semantics is fundamentally a study of concepts, the ...
One approach is to start with a model in general form that relies on a theoretical understanding of the data-generating process. Then the model can be fit to the data and checked for the various sources of misspecification, in a task called statistical model validation. Theoretical understanding can then guide the modification of the model in ...
The most common model for normal returns is the 'market model' (MacKinlay 1997). Following this model, the analysis implies to use an estimation window (typically sized 120 days) prior to the event to derive the typical relationship between the firm's stock and a reference index through a regression analysis. Based on the regression ...
While Gerber and Shiu [11] applied this function to the classical compound-Poisson model, Powers [10] argued that an insurer's surplus is better modeled by a family of diffusion processes. There are a great variety of ruin-related quantities that fall into the category of the expected discounted penalty function.