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The ability of an electrical discharge to cause an explosion in flammable atmospheres is measured by the effective energy of the discharge. The effective energy of brush discharges is 10-20 mJ, much larger than that of corona discharges 0.1 mJ. Therefore, brush discharges are considered an explosion hazard, while corona discharges are not.
Cone discharge, also called bulking brush discharge, occurs over surfaces of charged powders with resistance above 10 10 ohms, or also deep through the powder mass. Cone discharges are not usually observed in dust volumes below 1 m 3. The energy involved depends on the grain size of the powder and the charge magnitude, and can reach up to 20 mJ.
Along with the similar brush discharge, the corona is often called a "single-electrode discharge", as opposed to a "two-electrode discharge"—an electric arc. [1] [2] [3] A corona forms only when the conductor is widely enough separated from conductors at the opposite potential that an arc cannot jump between them.
If the electron is in an electric field of 43 MV/m, it will be accelerated and acquire 21.5 eV of energy in 0.5 μm of travel in the direction of the field. The first ionization energy needed to dislodge an electron from nitrogen molecule is about 15.6 eV. The accelerated electron will acquire more than enough energy to ionize a nitrogen molecule.
Small explosive charges, where the explosive's diameter is not significantly larger than its thickness, have reduced effectiveness as gas and energy are lost to the sides. [ 1 ] This loss is empirically modeled as reducing the effective explosive charge mass C to an effective value C eff which is the volume of explosives contained within a 60 ...
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This served to pre-ionise the gas resulting in a uniform volumetric glow-discharge. Of equal importance to preionisation, was the need for the discharge to be very fast. By dumping energy into the gas rapidly, high-current arcs had no time to form. Pearson and Lamberton used a streak camera to verify the sequence of events. As the voltage was ...
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