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Upside-down marks, simple in the era of hand typesetting, were originally recommended by the Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy), in the second edition of the Ortografía de la lengua castellana (Orthography of the Castilian language) in 1754 [3] recommending it as the symbol indicating the beginning of a question in written Spanish—e.g. "¿Cuántos años tienes?"
The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the left, <, has been found in documents dated as far back as the 1560s.
The feasible regions of linear programming are defined by a set of inequalities.. In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. [1]
In the discrete case, an economic inequality index may be represented by a function I(x), where x is a set of n economic values (e.g. wealth or income) x={x 1,x 2,...,x n} with x i being the economic value associated with "economic agent" i.
In mathematics, Grönwall's inequality (also called Grönwall's lemma or the Grönwall–Bellman inequality) allows one to bound a function that is known to satisfy a certain differential or integral inequality by the solution of the corresponding differential or integral equation.
The following argument employs discrete martingales.As argued in the discussion of Doob's martingale inequality, the sequence ,, …, is a martingale. Define () = as follows. . Let =, a
An n × n matrix P is doubly stochastic precisely if both P and its transpose P T are stochastic matrices.A stochastic matrix is a square matrix of nonnegative real entries in which the sum of the entries in each column is 1.
The top example shows a case where z is much less than the sum x + y of the other two sides, and the bottom example shows a case where the side z is only slightly less than x + y. In mathematics , the triangle inequality states that for any triangle , the sum of the lengths of any two sides must be greater than or equal to the length of the ...