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Commonwealth of Israel is the English translation of the Greek πολιτείας (politeias) mentioned in Ephesians 2:12.The context of the surrounding verses, Ephesians 2:11-13, implies the uniting of Gentiles with Jews, whom had historically been God's heritage [1] and the object of God's promises.
Based on the Latin model, the English word "gentile" came to mean non-Jew from the time of the first English-language Bible translations in the 1500s (see Gentile). The twelfth century Jewish scholar Maimonides defines goy in his Mishneh Torah as a worshipper of idolatry, as he explains, "Whenever we refer to a gentile [goy] without any further ...
Gentile (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ n t aɪ l /) is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish. [1] [2] Other groups that claim Israelite heritage, notably Mormons, have historically used the term gentile to describe outsiders.
The Anchor Bible Dictionary, for example, says: "The clear implication is that gentiles are being compelled to live according to Jewish customs." [ 11 ] The word Judaizer comes from judaize , which is seldom used in English Bible translations (an exception is the Young's Literal Translation for Galatians 2:14).
A ger toshav ("resident alien") is a Gentile (non-Jew) living in the Land of Israel who agrees to follow the Seven Laws of Noah. [21] The theological basis for the seven commandments of the Noahic Covenant is said to be derived interpretatively from demands addressed to Adam [22] and to Noah, [23] who are believed to be the progenitors of humankind in Judaism, and therefore to be regarded as ...
In the Hebrew Bible, there is some recognition of Gentile monotheistic worship as being directed toward the God of the Jews.This forms the category of yir’ei HaShem/yir’ei Shamayim (Hebrew: יראי השם, meaning "Fearers of the Name"/"Fearers of Heaven", [1] [4] [19] "the Name" being a Jewish euphemism for Yahweh, cf. Psalm 115:11).
The Seven Nations (Hebrew: שבעת העמים, romanized: Shivat Ha'amim) are seven nations that according to the Hebrew Bible lived in the Land of Canaan prior to the arrival of the Israelites. God instructed the Israelites to destroy these seven nations upon entering Canaan.
The Tosaphist Rabbeinu Tam wrote that Peter was "a devout and learned Jew who dedicated his life to guiding gentiles along the proper path". [citation needed] Rabbeinu Tam also taught that Peter was the author of the Shabbat and feast-day [4] prayer Nishmat, and this was a popularly held belief through the Middle Ages.