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  2. Inverse trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric...

    where (the square-root function has its cut along the negative real axis and) the part of the real axis which does not lie strictly between −1 and +1 is the branch cut between the principal sheet of arcsin and other sheets; ⁡ = ⁡ (), +

  3. Square wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_wave

    The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum amplitudes. The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods).

  4. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    Ptolemy's theorem states that the sum of the products of the lengths of opposite sides is equal to the product of the lengths of the diagonals. When those side-lengths are expressed in terms of the sin and cos values shown in the figure above, this yields the angle sum trigonometric identity for sine: sin( α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin ...

  5. Mnemonics in trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonics_in_trigonometry

    Write the functions without "co" on the three left outer vertices (from top to bottom: sine, tangent, secant) Write the co-functions on the corresponding three right outer vertices (cosine, cotangent, cosecant) Starting at any vertex of the resulting hexagon: The starting vertex equals one over the opposite vertex.

  6. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

  7. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The opposite leg, O, is approximately equal to the length of the blue arc, s. Gathering facts from geometry, s = Aθ , from trigonometry, sin θ = ⁠ O / H ⁠ and tan θ = ⁠ O / A ⁠ , and from the picture, O ≈ s and H ≈ A leads to: sin ⁡ θ = O H ≈ O A = tan ⁡ θ = O A ≈ s A = A θ A = θ . {\displaystyle \sin \theta ={\frac ...

  8. In-phase and quadrature components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-phase_and_quadrature...

    LO is the local oscillator - the carrier sine wave being modulated I(t) and Q(t) are the time-series data for the in-phase and quadrature components. S is the signal . IQ data has extensive use in many signal processing contexts, including for radio modulation, software-defined radio, audio signal processing and electrical engineering.

  9. Hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_functions

    hyperbolic secant " sech" (/ ˈ s ɛ tʃ, ˈ ʃ ɛ k /), [8] hyperbolic cosecant " csch " or " cosech " ( / ˈ k oʊ s ɛ tʃ , ˈ k oʊ ʃ ɛ k / [ 3 ] ) corresponding to the derived trigonometric functions.